文/北京集佳知識產(chǎn)權(quán)代理有限公司西安分所 禹嘯林
摘要 由于美國專利法中關(guān)于附圖部分的規(guī)定與國內(nèi)的規(guī)定有不小的差異,國內(nèi)的申請人在申請美國專利時還是會經(jīng)常收到有關(guān)附圖的OA。本文主要總結(jié)了附圖OA的產(chǎn)生原因及答復(fù)手段,以供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:35 USC 113,37CFR 1.83,附圖,全部特征,有效申請日
近期在處理美國OA時,連續(xù)收到了關(guān)于附圖的OA,而其國內(nèi)的優(yōu)先權(quán)申請并未收到附圖相關(guān)的OA。為此特地查閱了美國專利法中關(guān)于附圖的相關(guān)規(guī)定,這些規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在美國法典(35 USC)的113條、美國聯(lián)邦法規(guī)(37CFR)的1.83-1.85三個章節(jié),以及MPEP 608.02中。
具體節(jié)選如下:
35 USC 113:
The applicant shall furnish a drawing where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented. When the nature of such subject matter admits of illustration by a drawing and the applicant has not furnished such a drawing, the Director may require its submission within a time period of not less than two months from the sending of a notice thereof. Drawings submitted after the filing date of the application may not be used (i) to overcome any insufficiency of the specification due to lack of an enabling disclosure or otherwise inadequate disclosure therein, or (ii) to supplement the original disclosure thereof for the purpose of interpretation of the scope of any claim.
37 CFR 1.83:
?。╝)The drawing in a non-provisional application must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims. However, conventional features disclosed in the description and claims, where their detailed illustration is not essential for a proper understanding of the invention, should be illustrated in the drawing in the form of a graphical drawing symbol or a labeled representation (e.g., a labeled rectangular box). In addition, tables that are included in the specification and sequences that are included in sequence listings should not be duplicated in the drawings.
?。╞)When the invention consists of an improvement on an old machine the drawing must when possible exhibit, in one or more views, the improved portion itself, disconnected from the old structure, and also in another view, so much only of the old structure as will suffice to show the connection of the invention therewith.
?。╟)Where the drawings in a non-provisional application do not comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the examiner shall require such additional illustration within a time period of not less than two months from the date of the sending of a notice thereof. Such corrections are subject to the requirements of §1.81(d).
MPEP 608.02(g)
Figures showing the prior art are usually unnecessary and should be canceled. Ex parte Elliott, 1904 C.D. 103, 109 OG 1337 (Comm’r Pat. 1904). However, where needed to understand applicant’s invention, they may be retained if designated by a legend such as "Prior Art."
國內(nèi)專利法中關(guān)于附圖內(nèi)容的規(guī)定主要是“附圖是說明書的一個組成部分。附圖的作用在于圖形補(bǔ)充說明文字部分的描述,使人能夠直觀地、形象化地理解發(fā)明或者實用新型的每個技術(shù)特征和整體技術(shù)方案。”(審查指南第二部分第二章的2.3章節(jié))。
雖然各個國家專利申請中的附圖的意義及作用基本類似,主要是對說明書文字部分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充描述,使人能夠直觀地、形象化地理解發(fā)明的每個技術(shù)特征和整體技術(shù)方案,但是(1)美國專利法中明確要求“附圖必須體現(xiàn)權(quán)項的所有特征”(“The drawing in a non-provisional application must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims” 37 CFR 1.83 (a));(2)另外,MPEP 608.02(g) 指出用以表示現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的方案的附圖應(yīng)該添加“--Prior Art--”標(biāo)簽。
國內(nèi)申請人或代理人往往由于對以上兩點認(rèn)識不足而導(dǎo)致收到關(guān)于附圖的OA。
了解了附圖相關(guān)OA產(chǎn)生的原因之后,那么答復(fù)思路也就清晰了。針對第一類問題可以將原附圖中未示出的特征以附圖標(biāo)記或者文字的形式添加到對應(yīng)的附圖中即可,也可以添加新的附圖以體現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的特征。這里需要注意的是,補(bǔ)交的附圖不會引起申請日(不包括外觀設(shè)計專利)的重新確定,這與國內(nèi)的規(guī)定相差很大。關(guān)于補(bǔ)交附圖的申請日的確定在MPEP 608.02(a)中有明確的規(guī)定。
“[f]or applications filed on or after December 19, 2013, other than design applications, 35 U.S.C 111 no longer requires that an application contain a drawing where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented to be entitled to a filing date”
雖然補(bǔ)交的附圖不會引起美國申請的申請日的重新確定,但是35 USC 113中也明確規(guī)定后補(bǔ)入的無法用于(i)克服由于缺乏有效的公開或其他不充分的公開而導(dǎo)致的說明書的任何不足;(ii)為了解釋權(quán)利要求的范圍,補(bǔ)充其原始公開內(nèi)容。這實際上也就給后面補(bǔ)入的附圖以足夠的限制,也可以簡單的理解為補(bǔ)入的附圖不能超過原始公開的范圍。
在補(bǔ)交附圖時還應(yīng)該留意附圖是否體現(xiàn)了整個說明書中比較有技術(shù)價值的但未被權(quán)利要求包括的特征。這么做主要是考慮到后續(xù)很可能為了克服創(chuàng)造性問題,需要從說明書里提取這些特征并加入到權(quán)利要求中,如果沒有提前補(bǔ)入則有可能再次引發(fā)類似的問題。
針對第二點處理方式比較簡單。在對應(yīng)的用來體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的附圖下面添加“--Prior Art--”標(biāo)簽即可。
下面結(jié)合具體的案例來說明上面第一種OA的答復(fù)方式。
一個美國OA,獨權(quán)1提到了“控制閥,與所述泄油通道連接,用于控制所述泄油通道的通斷”(以下稱為特征A),“所述第一搖臂的一端通過氣門橋和氣門彈簧與所述氣門傳動連接” (以下稱為特征B)這兩個特征,但上述兩個特征均未在附圖中體現(xiàn)。
其原始附圖為下面2幅:
圖1
圖2
為此代理人依據(jù)說明書中的相應(yīng)描述,修改附圖并補(bǔ)入新附圖。
針對特征A修改后的附圖1:
修改后的圖1(添加了控制閥特征)
針對特征B補(bǔ)入的附圖:
新加入的附圖3
新增的附圖3被審查員接受,而修改的附圖1未被審查員接受而引發(fā)了第二通OA,因為審查員認(rèn)為通過修改的附圖依然無法體現(xiàn)出控制閥如何“控制所述泄油通道的通斷”。
后又補(bǔ)充了四幅附圖來說明此問題。
值得注意的是雖然增加的4幅附圖主要作用與原圖1類似,但是不可以將4幅附圖一并作為圖1的替代附圖。也就是說不可以將4幅附圖一并標(biāo)為替代附圖(Replacement Sheet),而是將其中有一個作為圖1的替代附圖(Replacement Sheet),另外3個作為新增附圖(New Sheet)。
由于美國申請補(bǔ)入附圖時還是要盡量遵守不超范圍的原則,在修改或繪制附圖時盡量使用原附圖中已有的元素或者盡量采用方框類的簡單示意(如本OA中補(bǔ)入的附圖3),以避免超范圍。
綜上是個人對美國申請關(guān)于附圖OA的實務(wù)總結(jié),希望能為大家提供一點幫助,如有不當(dāng)之處,還請大家批評指正。